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General data

  • 900 plant species (1 / 5th of species known in France)
  • Fifty rare species
  • 15 species protected by law

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The Guarrigue

Definition

  • Provençal "garrigo" = dirty, uncultivated
  • In Occitan "garric" = kermes oak.
  • Prefixes Kar, Gar and Cal refer to places or characteristics related to "stone" or "rock".
  • Same origin for "Gard", "karst", "calanque", "hutch", "crau"
  • At first glance, the garrigue is not a very welcoming environment: "There is only pebble, it stings, it is all the same …"
  • For botanists, the garrigue is a plant formation xerophilic (= adapted to the drought) low on calcareous soil.
  • It is a flora composed of different plants (thyme, rosemary, kermes oak, myrtle, maritime pine, etc.) which must adapt to a warm and dry climate in the summer, winter.

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Guarrigue or maquis?

Similarities

Characteristics of the Mediterranean climate. Result of the degradation of a forest. Repeated aggression which no longer allows large trees to grow The original forest is gradually transformed into impenetrable bushes. Rarely natural degradation (lightning, insect pests, etc.) More commonly due to humans: goats, crops, habitat, firewood, always preceded by a fire to "clean the ground". Highly biodiverse Fragile environments [/ fusion_text]

Differences

guarrigue MAQUIS
Open environment with sparse shrub vegetation, resulting from the degradation of the forests of holm oaks, often replaced by the kermes oak. Closed environment with dense vegetation, resulting from the degradation of the cork oak forests, often replaced by often impenetrable thorny shrubs.
  On limestone On siliceous or acidic soil
Holm oak Oak cork
Juniper Cade Juniper of Phenicia
Boxwood Myrtle
Cottony Cistus Flower cistus of Laurier
Lavender Aspic Lavender butterfly

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 Mediterranean climate range

Similar environments found in all regions subject to Mediterranean climate:

  • The matorral in Spain or in Chile
  • Phrygane in Greece
  • Bartha in Israel
  • Chaparral in California
  • The fynbos in the Cape region (South Africa)
  • The kwon-gwan in southwestern Australia.

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Stages of evolution of the scrubland

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to follow ... Emblematic species [/ fusion_text] [/ fusion_builder_column] [/ fusion_builder_row] [/ fusion_builder_container]